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In foreign policy, the Queen's influence during the middle years of her reign was generally used to support peace and reconciliation. With time, the private urgings of her family and the flattering attention of Benjamin Disraeli, Prime Minister in 1868 and from 1874 to 1880, the Queen gradually resumed her public duties. Seven attempts were made on Victoria's life, between 18 - her courageous attitude towards these attacks greatly strengthened her popularity. She was persuaded to open Parliament in person in 18, but she was widely criticised for living in seclusion and quite a strong republican movement developed.

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Until the late 1860s she rarely appeared in public although she never neglected her official Correspondence, and continued to give audiences to her ministers and official visitors, she was reluctant to resume a full public life. For the rest of her reign she wore black. She had lost a devoted husband and her principal trusted adviser in affairs of state. Victoria was deeply attached to her husband and she sank into depression after he died, aged 42, in 1861. Victoria bought Osborne House (later presented to the nation by Edward VII) on the Isle of Wight as a family home in 1845, and Albert bought Balmoral in 1852. Beatrice (born 1857) married Henry of Battenberg. Louise (born 1848) married John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll. Helena (born 1846) married Christian of Schleswig-Holstein. Alice (born 1843) married Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine. Victoria, Princess Royal (born 1840) married Friedrich III, German Emperor. Leopold, Duke of Albany (born 1853) married Helen of Waldeck-Pyrmont. Arthur, Duke of Connaught (born 1850) married Louise Margaret of Prussia. Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh and of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (born 1844) married Marie of Russia. Most of her children married into other Royal families of Europe.Įdward VII (born 1841), married Alexandra, daughter of Christian IX of Denmark. Her marriage to Prince Albert produced nine children between 18.

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Both men taught her much about how to be a ruler in a 'constitutional monarchy', in which the monarch had very few powers but could use much influence.Īlbert took an active interest in the arts, science, trade and industry the project for which he is best remembered was the Great Exhibition of 1851, the profits from which helped to establish the South Kensington museums complex in London. In the early part of her reign, she was influenced by two men: her first Prime Minister, Lord Melbourne, and then her husband, Prince Albert, whom she married in 1840. At her death, it was said, Britain had a worldwide empire on which the sun never set. Queen Victoria is associated with Britain's great age of industrial expansion, economic progress and, especially, empire. On William IV's death in 1837, she became Queen at the age of 18. Warmhearted and lively, Victoria had a gift for drawing and painting educated by a governess at home, she was a natural diarist and kept a regular journal throughout her life. Her father died shortly after her birth and she became heir to the throne because the three uncles who were ahead of her in the succession - George IV, Frederick Duke of York, and William IV - had no legitimate children who survived. She was the only daughter of Edward, Duke of Kent, fourth son of George III. Victoria was born at Kensington Palace, London, on.